Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) exhibit promising luminescent properties, rendering them valuable assets in diverse fields such as bioimaging, sensing, and therapeutics. Despite this, the potential toxicological effects of UCNPs necessitate rigorous investigation to ensure their safe implementation. This review aims to offer a systematic analysi

In this study, we describe a novel strategy for the synthesis and characterization of single-carbon nanotube nanotubes (SWCNTs) functionalized with iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4|Fe2O3|FeO). The preparation process involves a two-step approach, first bonding SWCNTs onto a appropriate substrate and then incorporating Fe3O4 nanoparticles via a copre